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Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Low Phytic Acid Barley

Department of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211; Phone: (573) 882-1140; Fax: (573) 882-6827

V. Raboy

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Small Grain Germplasm Research Facility, Aberdeen, Idaho 83210

K. Zyla and A. Wikiera

University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland

Correspondence: D. R. Ledoux, E-mail:LedouxD{at}missouri.edu

A study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of P in a low phytic acid mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ; MB) containing the lpa 1-1 allele and a near-isogenic wild-type hybrid barley (NB). By analysis, the MB contained 0.21% non-phytate P (nP) and 0.35% total P (tP), whereas NB contained 0.11% nP and 0.35% tP. Non-phytate P was considered to be available to poultry. Reagent grade KH₂O₄ was used as a standard source to determine relative availability. The experimental design consisted of 10 dietary treatments fed to six replicate pens of six chicks each. Dietary treatments included a low available P (aP) basal diet (0.20% aP; 1.0% Ca; Diet 1) supplemented with 0.04, 0.08, and 0.12% P from reagent-grade KH₂O₄ (Diets 2, 3, and 4, respectively), MB (Diets 5, 6, and 7, respectively), and NB (Diets 8, 9, and 10, respectively). Diets were fed ad libitum for 14 d. Feed intake was not affected (P > 0.10) by source or level of P. Body weight gain was not influenced (P > 0.05) by P level, but was affected (P < 0.05) by P source. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by both P source and level. Based on non-linear regression analysis (assuming KH₂O₄ = 100%) and using percentage toe ash as the response variable, bioavailability of P was determined to be 49.3 ± 17% for MB and 28.0 ± 15% for NB. Based on the results of toe ash, P in MB was 1.8 times more available to chicks than P in NB. These results compare favorably with analyzed nP values, which indicated that MB contains 1.9 times as much nP as NB (0.21 vs. 0.11%).

Key Words: Bioavailability • phosphorus • low phytic acid • barley • broiler