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Extent of Salmonellae Contamination in Primary Breeder Hatcheries in 1998 as Compared to 1991

USDA, ARS, Russell Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30605 Extension Poultry Science Dept., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602; Phone: (706) 546-3484; FAX: (706) 546-3772

Correspondence: N. A. Cox, E-mail:ncox{at}saa.ars.usda.gov

Eggshell fragments, paper pads from chick boxes, and fluff samples were obtained from three commercial primary breeder hatcheries and analyzed for the presence and level of salmonellae with identical laboratory methods in 1991 and 1998. Overall, 29 of 180 samples (16.1%) from the three hatcheries in 1998 were contaminated with salmonellae, whereas in 1991, 11.1% of the overall samples were found to be salmonellae positive. Salmonellae were detected in 1.7% of eggshell fragments, 1.7% of fluff samples, and 48% of the paper pad samples in 1998, whereas 15.2, 4.5, and 12% of these type samples, respectively, were salmonellae positive in 1991. Although the percentage of positive samples was slightly higher in 1998 than 1991, from an enumeration standpoint, the salmonellae contamination in primary breeder hatcheries seems to have improved in the past 7 yr. In 1998, less than 4% of the positive samples had high levels of salmonellae, whereas in 1991 36% of the positive samples had high numbers of salmonellae. Primary broiler breeder and broiler hatcheries present critical control points in the prevention of salmonellae contamination during commercial poultry production. The cycle of salmonellae contamination will not likely be broken until contamination at these critical points is dramatically reduced or eliminated.

Key Words: Broiler breeder • chickpad • eggshell • fluff • hatchery • Salmonella