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Effect of Initial Full Feeding of Broiler Breeder Pullets on Carcass Development and Body Weight Variation

A. Pishnamazi^*, R. A. Renema^*,1, M. J. Zuidhof and F. E. Robinson^*

^* Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2P5, Canada; and Agriculture Research Division, Alberta Agriculture and Rural Development, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 5T6, Canada

¹ Corresponding author: robert.renema{at}ualberta.ca

Broiler breeder pullets are fully fed for several weeks to give chicks a vigorous start, to establish an adequate frame size, and to build increased flock BW uniformity. This study was designed to determine whether reducing the length of the initial ad libitum feeding period of pullets would be detrimental to subsequent fleshing, skeletal development, and BW variation. A total of 720 Ross 308 pullets were placed in 8 pens on the day of hatch and provided ad libitum access to feed at 1 wk (1WK) or 3 wk (3WK) of age, at which time a 5:2 restriction program began. Individual BW and external fleshing scores, and flock BW variation (CV and uniformity) were monitored. At 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk, 60 randomly selected birds per treatment were dissected for assessment of breast muscle, fatness, and reproductive development. At 3 wk of age, BW of the 3WK pullets (471 g) was greater than that of the 1WK pullets (312 g), and the daily rate of gain was double. Although feed allocation was decreased markedly at 3 wk in 3WK birds, by 4 wk they weighed 30% more, and had a greater frame size and proportion of breast muscle than the 1WK birds. At 8 wk of age, the 3WK birds were still heavier (973 g for 3WK vs. 899 g for 1WK). Most carcass measures were similar between treatments at 12 wk of age, by which time BW profiles were similar. At 16 wk of age, frame size and proportion of breast muscle were not different between groups. The BW variation did not differ through the initial 12 wk, but was superior at 14 and 16 wk of age in 1WK birds, possibly because of greater feed allocation between 8 to 16 wk, which is the most intense feed restriction period. The reduced feed intake of 3WK birds at the onset of feed restriction reduced their ME requirement for maintenance, likely contributing to this result. Increasing the length of the ad libitum feed access period after hatch altered growth and conformation traits to 8 wk of age and did not affect frame size or proportion of breast muscle, but increased BW variability late in the rearing period.

Key Words: broiler breeder • feed restriction • frame size • maintenance energy • flock uniformity