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Bactericidal Treatment of Hatching Eggs I. Chemical Immersion Treatments and Salmonella

USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 5677, Athens, GA 30604-5677; Phone: (706) 546-3484; FAX: (706) 546-3771

Correspondence: N. A. Cox

Breeder flocks and commercial hatcheries represent the earliest and probably the most critical control points for salmonellae entry into commercial integrated poultry operations. Effective chemical treatment of hatching eggs may also be a necessary part of reducing the presence of salmonellae on processed broiler carcasses. This study evaluated the immersion of artificially inoculated eggs into three chemicals: phenol, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and polyhexamethylenebiguanide hydrochloride (PHMB) following various inoculum drying times of 1 min, 5 min, 4 hr, and 24 hr. Reductions in Salmonella-positive eggs for the various chemicals as compared to the water-treated controls were as follows: 1) 0.78% phenol: 80% reduction at 1 min, 0% reduction if the egg was treated 24 hr after contamination; 2) 2.0% H₂O₂: 85% reduction at 1 min, 25% reduction at 24 hr; 3) 0.05% PHMB: 93% reduction at 1 min, 12% reduction at 24 hr. These data demonstrate that chemical treatments do not consistently kill all Salmonella on or in eggshells and that what effectiveness they have appears to diminish as the amount of time between contamination and treatment increases.

Key Words: Chemical treatment of eggs • egg sanitization • hatching eggs • Salmonella •

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				N. A. Cox, L. J. Richardson, R. J. Buhr, M. T. Musgrove, M. E. Berrang, and W. Bright Bactericidal Effect of Several Chemicals on Hatching Eggs Inoculated with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium J. Appl. Poult. Res., January 1, 2007; 16(4): 623 - 627. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. J. Allen, G. F. White, and A. P. Morby The response of Escherichia coli to exposure to the biocide polyhexamethylene biguanide. Microbiology, April 1, 2006; 152(Pt 4): 989 - 1000. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]