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Washington update¹

R. Reynnells^2,3

USDA, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES), Plant and Animal Systems (PAS), 800 9th Street, SW, Room 3140 Waterfront Centre, Washington, DC 20250-2220

² Corresponding author: rreynnells{at}csrees.usda.gov

	SUMMARY

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 
Jesse and Doris Lyons are the recipients of the 2008 Poultry Extension Special Recognition Award for their exceptional contributions to state, regional, and national extension programs. The National Poultry Extension Workshop continues to be possible only through the dedicated efforts of volunteers. In a welcome break from tradition, the workshop was moved from Sunday to Monday morning, which reduced personal conflicts related to Saturday travel and early Sunday meetings. The Future Trends in Animal Agriculture 2008 Symposium was "Complementary Relationships in Animal Agriculture." The 2009 Quadrennial Poultry Extension Workshop will be held in Raleigh, North Carolina. The National Poultry Waste Management Symposium coordinator for 2008 is Casey Ritz, University of Georgia. The USDA grants, deadlines, and procedures can be found on the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Internet site (http://www.csrees.usda.gov). The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service, Plant and Animal Systems has yearly internal reviews of its various portfolios that summarize the accomplishments and impacts of system personnel. Program accountability requires documentation by everyone. Now and in the future, cooperation, networking, teamwork, and participation in multistate research committees are essential to our ability to make meaningful contributions to the poultry system. Several universities now provide animal welfare education programs, including participation in assessment competitions and distance education. The Animal Welfare Assessment Contest will be coordinated by Michigan State University for the next few years. Tyson Foods sponsors the Poultry Science Association Support Personnel Award, and Felicity Dennis of the University of Alberta was the 2008 recipient.

Key Words: animal welfare and behavior • multistate research committee • support personnel award • meetings • workshop history

	INTRODUCTION

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 
The National Poultry Extension Workshop is created each year by extension specialists and others who volunteer to be on the Organizing Committee. The purpose is to help keep extension specialists, industry members, and others up-to-date on current areas of interest or concern. The Washington Update supports this effort by providing a short summary of opportunities and events, including those at the USDA, that affect the poultry system. For long-term success, we must recognize and understand emerging issues, new requirements for extension or outreach reporting and grant options, and stakeholder concerns. Extension budgets continue to decline, and given our current economic problems, we must continue to optimize responses to opportunities, stimulate win-win situations through cooperation, and make decisions based on science while recognizing the importance of ethical considerations.

The major programmatic focus of the author is on animal welfare, animal rights, and bioethical issues, but includes a wide array of responsibilities and program efforts. Animal welfare-related considerations are no longer thought of as "can we raise animals in a particular manner," but "should we raise animals in a particular manner." All decision makers must understand the intended and unintended consequences of their individual and collective decisions at the marketplace and at the voting booth. The result of these decisions must be the best long-term solutions for agriculture and society. Teamwork is essential to address concerns regarding food animal agriculture production and processing related to animal welfare, the environment, and social issues. Program development will need to become even more innovative in our effort to mitigate problems. True consumer demand (market based vs. survey responses) should resolve disagreements associated with management options. Control of production and processing of food animals according to the philosophies and goals of certain groups will be the order of the day, including their goal of federal regulations for food animal production. For some groups, the long-term goal is abolition of all animal use (e.g., pets, zoos) in addition to use for meat, eggs, milk, or by-products.

Information of value to others from this meeting or from e-mails should be passed along. As mentioned elsewhere [1, 2], by forwarding information beneficial to persons in other departments or commodity areas, you help develop networks outside poultry or your discipline, and thus strengthen our agricultural system. Food animal agriculture personnel must cooperate fully in noncompetitive areas such as animal welfare. Our extension workshop programs are inclusive. Anyone wishing to be part of program planning and development is welcome. If you are not called, take the initiative and volunteer. We need volunteers for future organizing committees for this workshop as well as other extension efforts.

	WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 
The National Poultry Extension Workshop has been held at the Poultry Science Association (PSA) Annual Meeting since 1988, and has made significant contributions to the poultry system. This success was due to the contributions of many volunteers who were officially part of the Organizing Committee and the many people who provided unofficial assistance to the committee. From the beginning, the Organizing Committee has been inclusive—we include ideas and help from all interested persons. For example, Lew Carr (MD) helped in most years through 2004 but never became an official member of the committee. Many persons served informally for more than the years shown in Table 1. Originally, because of the number of volunteers, personnel were officially limited to serve 2-yr terms but were welcome to participate informally. Although of incidental consideration for most members, an additional benefit to volunteers was credit received for proof of national influence as part of the promotion and tenure process. In most cases, speakers participated at no cost to the PSA, and many provided their papers or PowerPoint slides for the on-site or revised proceedings published out of the USDA Extension Service or later, the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES). The idea for the national meeting originated with Don Bell in 1987, and for many years was held with, but was independent of, the PSA Annual Meeting,

Beginning in 2004, the PSA incorporated the National Poultry Extension Workshop into the official PSA program, under the PSA Extension Committee. Now the Organizing Committee includes the PSA Extension Committee and others who volunteer to participate. The workshop was moved from Sunday to Monday morning as a symposium, with noncompetitive abstracts scheduled against it. We gratefully acknowledge the foresight of the program chair, Muquarrab Qureshi, in taking this step to break with tradition. On-site, and sometimes revised, proceedings containing the PowerPoint slides were provided for many of the workshops. The chair, a volunteer, or Reynnells was the editor of these proceedings. For 2007 and 2008, the proceedings were combined. Table 1 is a list of persons who were official members of the Organizing Committee.

Table 2 is a list of volunteer chairpersons. Reynnells was the chair for years when the workshop was combined with the nutrition workshop or the extension committee efforts of other professional organizations (American Society of Animal Science, American Dairy Science Association, American Meat Science Association, PSA) for the joint meetings.

The 2008 Extension Special Recognition Award was presented to Jesse and Doris Lyons. Jesse provides exceptional leadership at the University of Missouri in several areas, including youth, environmental protection, and extension programming. Doris has made extensive contributions to the American Poultry Historical Society and has several extension duties. Jesse gives Doris full recognition as a major reason for his success, so it was mandatory that dual recognition be given. Again, it is important to understand that many others have made significant contributions to national and regional programs, and these efforts are also greatly appreciated. Listed in Table 3 are the persons who have received this award.

	RESPONSIBILITIES

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

National Institute for Food and Agriculture
The recently passed Farm Bill created the National Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), of which CSREES is the only component. The CSREES will have no significant changes, with the exception of the administrator, who will be appointed as the NIFA director. This person will be an esteemed scientist and will be appointed by the president for a 6-yr term. The CSREES programs and authorities have been reauthorized, with a few added responsibilities. The belief is that this change will elevate the status, visibility, and role of CSREES in USDA. Six division chiefs in the Office of the Under Secretary will act as liaisons between NIFA and other agencies. Updates will be available at https://www.nasulgc.org.

University Departmental Reviews
University departmental reviews are an important part of the job, are requested by departments through the CSREES system, and are scheduled throughout the year. Review reports represent more of a snapshot in time than a reflection of a team member’s historical knowledge of the actual situation at any university. At all times, the review team provides an unbiased review that is intended to improve the department and university. Reviews must provide the same level of scientific credibility and integrity as research papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Multistate Research Committees
Liaison responsibilities of this position continue to be with several existing and new multi-state research projects and have been discussed previously [1, 2]. With rewrite authorizations, the designation and some titles have changed:

1. NC-1029, Applied Animal Behavior and Welfare;
   
2. S-1027, The Poultry Food System: A Farm to Table Model;
   
3. S-1035, Nutritional and Management Abatement Strategies for Improvement of Poultry Air and Water Quality;
   
4. NE-1022, Poultry Production Systems: Optimization of Production and Welfare Using Physiological, Behavioral, and Physical Measurements;
   
5. NCCC-209, Agricultural Bioethics;
   
6. NCERA-089, Swine Production Management to Enhance Animal Welfare;
   
7. W-1173, Stress Factors of Farm Animals and Their Effects on Performance;
   
8. NEAC-2, Animal Science Advisory Committee;
   
9. NCCC-097, Regulation of Adipose Tissue Accretion in Meat-Producing Animals;
   
10. SAC-002, Animal Sciences;
    
11. NC-507, Midwest Poultry Research Program; and
    
12. W-503, Economic, Environmental, Genetic, and Nutritional Aspects of Grass-Fed Beef.
    

The S-1035 project was moved to the Southern Region, and their first annual meeting was in conjunction with the World’s Poultry Science Association quadrennial meeting, held in Australia. The WERA-1902 was terminated in the Western Region and moved to the North Central Region as a coordinating committee, NCCC-209. These committees meet our need to expand our understanding of situations that will greatly affect our poultry system. If one is interested in participating in a multistate research committee, one should contact the committee chair, the administrative advisor, or the USDA-CSREES liaison, as listed in the National Information Management Support System records (http://www.lgu.umd.edu), or read the descriptive information in the National Information Management Support System, and work with their experiment station office to be added to a particular committee.

Document Reviews
As indicated previously [1, 2], National Program Leaders (NPL) review and approve Hatch Act projects submitted by all institutions participating in the multistate project before funds are released for project support.

Plans of Work, Accomplishment Reports, and Liaison Activities
Little has changed from previous reports [1, 2]. National Program Leaders are assigned one or more states, for which the NPL functions as the liaison for CSREES. The author continues to be the co-liaison for South Dakota (1862 and 1994 land grant universities) and North Carolina (1862 and 1890 land grant universities). In addition to the review and approval of plans of work and accomplishment reports, the NPL interact with university administrators to assist in mitigating problems. Only one site visit, to South Dakota State University, has been possible, but the time spent was very beneficial because several areas of concern were addressed.

It is critical that faculty provide solid information in the documentation of activities and their impact (return on tax dollar investments). The increasing demand for accountability through proving the impact of programs is no longer optional. Accomplishment reports are crucial in establishing the value of research and extension programs. Documenting the impact of extension and outreach efforts continues to be almost impossible in many cases and is complicated further by the inability to use a Current Research Information System-type system to summarize data and impacts for extension.

Grant Reviews
As discussed previously [1, 2], NPL are panel members or panel managers for various grants administered through CSREES and the 1890 Land Grant University Animal Production Research Panel. The author continues to administer 2 special research grants, 1 with >15 subcontracts. The most common problems with proposals continue to be missing forms, incomplete or incorrect information, or information that is inconsistent with other portions of the proposal (e.g., budget numbers that do not match the budget narrative). The more grievous problems include replacing quantity for quality of content; not proofreading the proposal or using spell check; vague references to expected outcomes or procedures to obtain data; and especially, not following directions. Even specially earmarked funds that NPL are responsible for administering will not be approved if the proposal is deficient. Regardless of whether this is a Current Research Information System proposal or grant proposal, NPL cannot approve the report for processing unless the report meets the criteria provided in the directions. For example, Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee forms must be provided if the researcher is using live animals in an experiment.

	MEETINGS

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 
National Poultry Extension Workshop
On-site proceedings, as well as post-event revised editions, are made available as a reference in hard copy, on the Web site, and to libraries [1, 2]. Demand for these proceedings documents the high quality of workshop presentations. The change to earlier approval of symposia by the PSA board of directors requires that we have a tentative program by the end of the year, and by early October for the joint meetings. Committee members for the 2008 workshop were Craig Coufal (MS); Pat Curtis (AL); Morgan Farnell (TX); Jacquie Jacob (MN); Darrin Karcher (MI); Ken Macklin (AL); Greg Martin (PA); Brigid McCrea (CA); Curtis Novak (VA); Jennifer Timmons (MD); and Mike Wineland (NC; Table 1). Jacob and Timmons were the chair of the workshop and editor of the on-site proceedings for 2007 and 2008 proceedings, respectively, which were combined into one publication. As in previous years, James Rock (CT) provided evaluation leadership. Please contact the author if you would like to work on the organizing committee for future workshops or if you would like a copy of the proceedings.

Future Trends in Animal Agriculture
The background, mission, and vision of the Future Trends in Animal Agriculture (FTAA) program was discussed previously [1, 2]. The focus of the FTAA is on the creation of opportunities for ongoing, positive dialog between industry, government, and animal activists so that common ground may be identified and important issues addressed. The ultimate goals are to find ways to improve animal well-being and to facilitate a balanced and comprehensive approach to dealing with related societal issues. All symposia are open to the public, with the primary audience having been agency decision makers and personnel, congressional staff personnel, and members. In 2007, the symposium theme was "Food Animal Agriculture in 2020." The 2008 symposium theme was "Complementary Relationships in Animal Agriculture" [3]. The FTAA organizational structure will be revised for 2009. David Brubaker, University of Pennsylvania, will now be the lead coordinator for the FTAA Organizing Committee.

Southern Region Poultry Extension Workshop (Quadrennial Workshop, Formerly the Triennial Workshop)
For decades, the Triennial Workshop met every 3 yr, but beginning with the 2009 workshop in Raleigh, North Carolina, it will meet every 4 yr. This move was to accommodate conflicts with the timing of the biennial National Poultry Waste Management Symposium, and other meetings. This workshop is the last such workshop for any commodity group and now represents all extension regions for poultry. The Quadrennial Workshop chair is Ken Anderson (NC), and the vice chair is Ken Macklin (AL). Non-poultry science personnel are welcome and are encouraged to participate in these meetings [4].

National Poultry Waste Management Symposium
The 2008 National Poultry Waste Management Symposium was held in Des Moines, Iowa, from October 21 to 23. This workshop focuses on poultry water and air quality issues, but the principles and most, if not all, of the environmental issues apply to all animal species. Casey Ritz is the coordinator for 2008. As in previous years, Wanda Linker, Alabama Poultry and Egg Association, has volunteered to assist the Organizing Committee by being responsible for the financial aspects, speaker travel, and scheduling of the program. We would not have been nearly as successful in our several environmental protection programs over the years if it had not been for the efforts of Linker, with the support of Johnny Adams, Alabama Poultry and Egg Association executive director.

US Poultry and Egg Association International Exposition
As described for previous years [1, 2], we hold several organizational meetings for professional and USDA committees at the US Poultry and Egg Association International Exposition in January each year, and we greatly appreciate their continued support [5]. To minimize conflicting schedules, the author coordinates many of these meetings, so contact him if you need to schedule a meeting during that period. The US Poultry and Egg Association may also be contacted directly to schedule a separate room for an event.

	USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 
Grants
Grant procedures were discussed in previous reports [1, 2]. Grant application forms, deadlines, procedures, and other information can be found at http://www.csrees.usda.gov or http://www.grants.gov. If you cannot access the files directly, using a shortened address may prove successful.

Portfolio Evaluation
The CSREES portfolio reviews were discussed previously [1, 2]. The author is the lead for Knowledge Area (KA) 306, Environmental Stress in Animals; KA 308, Improved Animal Products (Before Harvest); and, KA 315, Animal Welfare. Our agency is now on a schedule of annual self-assessments until the next external review in 2010. Evaluation of programs and reporting of impacts are essential for the success and continuation of poultry programs at land grant universities and USDA. Demands for accountability are increasing for all of us, which requires increased documentation by everyone in our system. Justification of continued program support requires that each of us define the economic or societal impact of our efforts, or both. Ask your industry personnel or other clientele what dollar value or other quantifiable value your programs have for individual companies, farmers, or the poultry system in which you work. We do use this information in our portfolio review documents and elsewhere. Keep a record of your successes and impacts (similar to the "glory file" for promotion and tenure). Accomplishment reports, success stories, and other documented positive impacts of your programs are important and must be provided to decision makers. It is critical that decision makers at all levels know and appreciate extension and the value of the land grant university to the poultry system.

Projects
USDA Informal Animal Welfare Working Group.
The USDA personnel from several agencies hold quarterly meetings to discuss current issues related to animal welfare or bioethics that could affect the USA food animal production and processing systems. The group does not set or influence USDA policy, but rather, functions as an educational and networking group to keep USDA personnel up-to-date on animal welfare, animal rights, and bioethical issues. We schedule guest speakers from industry, academia, activist groups, or government agencies to discuss their programs. If personnel are traveling or are not able to attend, a conference call option is available. These meetings are not open to the public. The forum, "The Unwanted Horse Issue: What Now?" held June 18, 2008, was created after discussions following one of the quarterly meetings.

Diverse Voices in Agriculture.
As discussed previously [1, 2], this series consists of informal and on-demand seminars on a wide variety of current topics, with the primary intended audience being USDA personnel. These meetings are open to the public. The purpose continues to be to provide an opportunity to nongovernmental organizations and individuals to present ideas and issues to USDA personnel and the public to which these personnel would not be exposed through normal channels.

Animal Well-Being Assessment.
The Animal Behavior and Welfare Group at Michigan State University shares leadership with other universities to develop the annual Animal Welfare Judging Contest [1, 2]. Students evaluate live animals or CD-based situations of farm animal management and provide their reasoning to judges. The committee has a permanent structure that will enable it to better organize the meetings, develop judging scenarios, and move the contest to the next level. After the 2008 spring contest, the contest time was moved from the spring to the fall. In the spring of 2008, the competition was opened to veterinary students as a separate competition, with support of the American Veterinary Medical Association. In the fall of 2008, animal science students and other graduate students were able to compete. Although our efforts are stalled at this time because of a lack of funds, we continue to plan on transferring this concept to 4-H and FFA competitions as an assessment of food animal husbandry practices. These youth programs would be geared to seniors or juniors in high school, and would be tied closely to the collegiate assessment contests.

The contest is an opportunity to train students in animal behavior and animal welfare areas, with incorporation of bioethical considerations, thus emphasizing the importance of collaboration between disciplines to address animal welfare issues. Bioethics is simply ethics as applied to biological systems, and is thus important in discussions of animal welfare and animal rights issues. Discussions of bioethics help us understand societal perspectives on animal treatment and the numerous factors that contribute to views of restrictions on or imperatives for animal use.

E-Mail Distribution.
The author continues to rely on e-mail as the primary system to communicate information to you, and should be contacted if you would like to be added to any distribution list. Lists include animal rights and animal welfare, game birds, food safety, and those related to the multistate research projects. Contact the author if you think an additional listing would be beneficial to poultry or animal science professionals.

American Poultry Historical Society.
American Poultry Historical Society programs have been discussed previously [1]. The American Poultry Historical Society continues to recognize career contributions to the poultry system through the Hall of Fame award [6] and other contributions by their biennial award through the PSA.

PSA 2006 Tyson Foods Support Personnel Award.
We gratefully acknowledge the support of Tyson Foods Inc. for their leadership and support for this important award [7], which is unique to the animal sciences. Felicity Dennis, University of Alberta, was selected as the 2008 recipient of the Support Personnel Award for her dedication and exceptional contributions to the success of numerous poultry-related projects for faculty and students in several diverse areas. The award consisted of a check for $500, a commemorative plaque inscribed with her name, and a statement recognizing her achievement.

All persons nominated for the 2008 award were exceptionally well qualified and had a wide range of backgrounds. Fifteen persons reviewed the nomination packages, with individuals asked to recuse themselves if any potential for conflict of interest existed or could be inferred. Nominators are highly encouraged to resubmit their packages for 2009.

	CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 

1. Issues confronting the poultry system are outlined, as are programs to address these issues.
   
2. The USDA contributions to the poultry system are discussed as part of the program review.
   
3. Opportunities for cooperation and collaboration are discussed to inform specialists regarding the committees for which they may volunteer.
   
4. All personnel should consider their responsibility to provide leadership and accountability in collaborative efforts that maximize our effectiveness and value to the poultry system and society.
   
5. Extension personnel should take advantage of the many opportunities that exist to participate in cutting-edge areas.
   

	FOOTNOTES

 
¹ Papers from the National Extension Workshop were presented at the Poultry Science Association’s 97th Annual Meeting in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada.

³ National Program Leader, Animal Production Systems.

	REFERENCES AND NOTES

TOP SUMMARY INTRODUCTION WORKSHOP HISTORY AND PERSONNEL RESPONSIBILITIES MEETINGS USDA AND OTHER INFORMATION CONCLUSIONS AND APPLICATIONS REFERENCES AND NOTES

 

1. Reynnells, R. D. 2006. Washington update. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 15:467–474.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
2. Reynnells, R. D. 2007. Washington Update. Revised Proceedings. J. Timmons, J. Jacob, and R. Reynnells, ed. Proceedings are available in hard copy from the author.
3. Future Trends in Animal Agriculture Symposia series. Recent symposia were held in 2002, 2003 (2), and 2004 through 2008. Contact the author (202.401.5352; rreynnells{at}csrees.usda.gov) for a copy of any of the proceedings (or related proceedings on bioethics), or to inquire about participating on the Organizing Committee.
4. Contact for the Quadrennial (Triennial) Workshop is Ken Anderson (NC; 919.515.5527). Proceedings for the 2005 meeting are available from John Carey (TX; 979.845.4318), 2005 chair.
5. US Poultry and Egg Association (USPEA) International Exposition, World Congress Center, Atlanta, Georgia. Organizational meetings include several workshops, schools, multistate research and other committees, and the American Poultry Historical Society (APHS) Annual Meeting. Everyone is welcome at most of these meetings, particularly the APHS and Extension Committees. For other meetings, contact the chairperson. The schedule is always available through e-mail and at the registration desk for the Southern Poultry Science Society Annual Meeting. Contact the author if you would like to be added to the Miscellaneous Poultry (or other) Distribution List, which will ensure that you receive the schedule.
6. For information on the APHS Hall of Fame nomination procedure and deadlines, contact Nick Zimmermann (301.405.2805; University of Maryland), who coordinates this award. The Historical Society welcomes persons at all levels and areas within the poultry system, particularly students. You do not need to be a PSA member to join the APHS.
7. The purpose of the Support Personnel Award is to acknowledge the long-term contributions by support personnel, whose dedication and work are critical to the ability of faculty, industry, or government personnel to receive the awards for which they are eligible to compete. This award is the only professional-level award of its kind, and supplements any existing university awards. The award is open to support personnel in the industry, government, and universities. Nominations in all these areas are enthusiastically encouraged. As stated previously, and without reservation, faculty members and other researchers are extremely fortunate to have such high-quality personnel supporting their programs. As was the premise for initiating this award, many exceptional people are working in our system and should be recognized for their contributions.

This Article Summary Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Reynnells, R. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Reynnells, R.